Manufacture of carpenter&#39;s planes



- G. D. HAINES MANUFACTURE OF cmrnumns' PLANES Nov. 1o, 1,560,568.

med July 14. 41924 2 Shem-sheet 1 Nov. 10, 1925- G. D. HAINES MANUFACTURE 'OF CARPENTERS runes Filed July 14. 1924 2 sheets-sheet 2 m n immllli 1 illll Patented Nov. 10, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- GEORGE 1). HAINES, or omoneo. ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR To AUGHA & BUSHNELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, on HICAGO, runners, A oonEoRA'rIoN on ILLINOIS.

MAN'UFACTUHE @F CAB-PENTERS PLANES.

Application filed July 14-, 1924. Serial No. 725,837.

To all LU/(OH? it may cancer-n:

Be it known that I, Giionon D. I-;Li1Nns, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the count of Cook and Eitate of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in hilanufacture of Carpenters Planes, of which the following a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to the manufacture of carpenters planes and its primary object is to provide a method of forging the plane bodies.

Heretoformit has been the general practice to cast plane-bodies of this type. In the use of carpenters planes, it frequently occurs that they are dropped from a workbench or from one floor of a building to another while the biiildingis in the course of constructimi. Cast bodies are so readily breakable that, in most cases, such dropping resulted in rende *ing the body useless. This objection to the use of cast bodies has been recognized in the art.

The present invention overcomes this Ohjcction by providing a practical method of forging the bodies so as to render them substantially unbreakable.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of forging plane-bodies of this type which can be practiced without prohibitive cost in the production of the bodies, resulting from wear upon and breakage of dies, and by which plane-boilies (:fllllii'fOlTlll quality will be produced. I

The invention consists in the several novel features hei einaftezr set forth and inoreparticularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings: Fig. 1- is a perspective of a bar from which a nnmber .of bodies are successively forged. Figs. 2 and .3 are respectirel a plan and side elevation, showing the first step in the forging operation to shape the metal for effective distribution to form :the several parts .of the plane-body. Fig. 4 is a plan, showing the result of the next step in the fongig operation. Fig. 5 is a side elevation, Fig. ;6 a longitudinal section on "line 6+6, and Fig. 7 .a transverse section on line T-7 of the metal when it has been shaped, as shown in Fig. 51;. Fig. 8 is a plan of the partially formedbody after the next step or sheaning operation of the method has been performed. Fig. 9 is a transverse section, showing the shearing operation. Fig. 10 is a cross-section, showing the next step of the method, which consists in bending the outer side portions of the metal upwardly or substantially at right angles to the sole of the body. Fig. ll is a longitudinal section and Fig. 12 a transverse section of the body after the bending operation shown in Fig. 10 has been performed. Fig. 13 is a section, illusrating the next step in the method, which consists in shaping the metal in a finishing die to give it, as nearly as possible, the correct shape desired. Fig. 1'1- is a. perspective, showing the finished plane-body.

The planebodies are forged from a bar A of metal, In practice, these bars are pref- (*tilblj, of sufficient length so that a series of bodies may be successively formed there fron'i. In the manufacture of the bodies, one end of the bar A is heated so that it can be forged. Next, the heated end is forged into a block or blank approximately of the shape shown at A in Figs. 1

and 2, to densify the metal and to distribute it so that it can be readily forged to form all of the integral .partsof the planebody. The greater portion of the metal is disposed at the longitudinal center where it is necessary to form the medial portions of. the side flanges of the body and the frogbase on the top .of the plane-bottom and between the side-flanges. This shaping is effected by hammering the metal betweeng suitably shaped dies, which will, in one or two blows, forge the metal into substantially the shape shown.

Nez-qt. the portion A" of the bar. while it is still hot, is hammered or drop-forged be tween B, B which are adapted to shape the metal into a blank 1.3 of snbstantially the form shown in Figs. l, .6 and '7. Usually four or five blows are si'ifiicient to give this formation to the metal. During this operation, the metal will be forged and shaped to simultaneously form the bottom or sole 15 of the plane-body; the boss 16 on the npper face of the sole which forms a seat for the knob 30; an upstanding lug 17 on the boss for connection with a screw for holding a front knob 30 on the plane; a frog-base on the ipper face of the sole consisting of inclined ribs 19, lugs 20 for thescrews for holding the frog on the base and a lug 21 for a frog-ad usting screw; a reinforcing cross-rib 22 on the upper face of the sole;

' a lug 23 for a screw to secure a handle 31;

and a point 25 on the upper face of the sole for holding the handle against horizontal rotation. During the same operation, the metal at the side of the sole is shaped into upwardly extending portions 26, approximately to the height or a little above the top of cross-rib 22 and the top of ribs 19, and laterally extending marginal portions 27. The dies B, B for this operation are shaped to form the side-flanges of the body of somewhat less thickness than the sole, so that the metal can be more readily shaped and so that the portions 27 will be of the necessary thickness and outline to form the upper portion of the side flanges. During this operation, the laterally extending portions will be densilied so they can be bent into alinement with and form continuations of the portions 26, without danger of rupturing the metal in bending. These dies are also shaped so that the central portions 2 of the side flanges, when bent into final shape, will ex tend upwardly above the frog-base sufficiently to cover the lower portions of the knife and frog so their end-portions will be curved or sloped, as at 27, from the high marginal portions 27 to the ends of the soleof the body. During this operation, the metal in the sole is also forged to leave a thin transverse web of metal 15 where the knife-slot is to be formed in the sole. The block A contains an excess of metal to insure substantially uniform densitication of all portions of the body while it is being forged and the formation of all parts thereof. The excess of metal is forced laterally from. the margins of the blank B and between the dies B, B, as at 28.

Next, the partially forged body is placed between dies C, C which shear or trim the excess metal from the blank B so that, when the side-flanges are con'ipletely formed, they will be substantially of the correct shape.

Next, the partially sheared blank B while it is still hot, is placed between bending dies D, D. which are then operated-and forceor bend the late-rally extending portions 27 upwardly so they will be aligned with the portions to form complete side flanges. This manner of forming the side flanges. by first simultaneously forging the blank A. to shape the sole and lower and central portions of the side-flanges at rightangles to the sole, with laterally extending portions which are bendable for alignment with the lower portions, has been found to,

be practically possible without undue stresses on the 'dies or resulting in their breakage.

Next, the body, if desired or necessary, is

pressed between finishing dies E, E, which finally force the several parts into the substantially correct shape and rectify any irregularities or variations which may occur in the forging of and bending steps.

All of the forging and shaping operations are usually performed while the blank remains attached to the unused portion of the bar A for convenience in handling the blanks or shifting them from one set of dies to the next. After the final shaping operation in dies E, E, the body is sheared from the bar. All of these steps are performed in such rapid succession that the reheating of the blank will be avoided.

Next, the outer faces of the side flanges and the bottom face of the sole 15 are planed; next, the web of metal 15 is removed by reaming and breachin so as to form a knife-slot 15 in the sole, and lugs 17, 23, 20 and 21 are drilled and tapped for the screws which they are to receive. The body is then ready for assembling of the knob 30, handle 31, and for the attachment of the frog 32, to which the knives are adjustablv connected in the usual manner.

The invention exemplifies a method of forging carpenters hand-plane-bodies, so that they will be substantially unbreakable in use and one which can be practiced commercially without undue cost or loss resulting from die-breakage. The invention has been practiced to produce commercial dropforge plane-bodies, which have successfully overcome plane-breakage in a plane-body in which the sole, side-flanges, frog-base and handle and knob'attaching lugs are integral.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details set forth, since these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom, side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal into a blank shaped to form the sole of the plane with integral attaching lugs on one face thereof and laterally extending portions,'then bending only the laterally extending portions at an angle to the sole to extend upwardly therefrom to form the plane-sides, and then finishing the blank to form the plane-body.

2. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal into a blank shaped to form the sole of the plane with integral attaching lugs on one face thereof and laterally extending portions with an excess of metal on the margins of the laterally extending poi tions, then shearing the margins contiin'inably to the desired upper edges of the side flanges, then bending only the laterally tending portions at an angle to the sole to extend upwardly therefrom to form the plane-sides, and then finishing the blank t form the plane-body.

3. That ilil} )l0\lil0iii in the niai'mtactnre oi planebodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and artaohing lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal into a blank shaped to form the sole with. integral attaching lugs on one face thereof and with laterally extendin portions, then bending only the laterally tending portions at an angle to the sole to extend upwardly therefrom to ii'orni the plane-sides, then shaping the blank in finishing dies, and then machining the blank to form the finished plane-body.

4:. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and ittaching lugs, which consists in :t'orging a bar of metal into a blank shaped to form the sole with integral attaching lugs on one face thereof and with laterally extending portions, with an excess of metal around the margins of the laterally extending portions, then shearing the margins contormably to the upper edges ot' the finished side-flanges, then bending only the laterally extending portions at an angle to the sole to extend upwardly therefrom to term-the plane-sides. then shaping the blank in finishing dies, and then machining the bent blank to form the Finished plane-body.

That ini novenient in the manu'hicture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal to bring a greater portion of metal adjacent its longitudinal center, then (Forging it into a blank shaped to ifOlIl'l the sole oi the plane with whole attaching lugs on one face thereof and with laterally extending portions, then bending the laterally extending portions at substantially right an gles to the sole, and then machining the blank to form a finished plane-body.

6. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially il'llit sole or bottom with side flanges and at taching lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal to bring a greater portion of metal adjacent its longitudinal center, then forging it into a blank shaped to form the sole with. whole attaching lugs on one face thereof and laterally extending portions, and an excess of metal around the margins of said portions, then shearing the margins of the laterally extending portions conformably to the desired upper edges of" the side flanges of the body, then bending the laterally extending portions at substantially right angles to the sole, and then machining the blank LO form a finished 'i'lane-body.

7. That improvement in the manufacture oi plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar of metal to bring a greater portion of metal adjacent its longitudinal center, then forging it into a blank shaped to form the sole with whole attaching lugs on one face thereof and laterally extending lportions, then bending the laterally extending portions at substantially right angles to the sole, then shaipii'ig the bent blank in alinishing die, and then machining the blank to ilorn'l a finished plane-body.

8. That improvement in the manufacture of plain-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar, oi? metal to bring a greater portion oi metal adjacent its longitudinal center, then forging it into a blank shaped to 'l orma substantially fiat sole of the plane with whole attaching l gs on one face thereoi and laterally extending portions with an excess of metal around the margins of said portions, then shearing the margins of the laterally extending portions conformably to the upper edges of the side flanges of the body,

then bending the laterally extending porti ons at substantially right angles to the sole, then shaping the bent blank 111 a finishing die, and then machining the blank to form a finished plane-body. I

9. That improvement in the 1nann'l actnrc ot plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with integral side -tlanges and attaching lugs, which consists in sirrnltaneously forging a bar into shape to form the sole with whole attaching lugs on one face thereof, angularly extending portions forming the lower 'iortions o l? the side flanges and portions extending laterally from said angular portions aw ed, to term the upper portions of the side flanges, then bending only the laterally extending portions to bring them substantially intoel liement with said angular portions to form complete side flanges and then machining the black to form a finished plane-body.

10v That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially fiat sole or bottom with integral side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar to bring a greater portion of ietal adjacent its longitudinal center, then simultaneously forging it into shape to term the sole with whole attaching lugs on one face thereof, angularly extending portions forming the lower portions of the sidefla-nges, and laterally extending portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side flanges, then bending only the laterally ill) extending portions to bring them substantially into alinement with said angular portions to form complete side-flanges and then machining the blank to form a linished plane-body.

11. That improven'ient in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with integral side-flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in forging a bar to bring a greater portion of tal adjacent its longitudinal center, then simultaneously forging it into shape to form the sole with whole attaching lugs on one face thereof and with angularly extending portions forming the lower portions of the sidefianges, and portions extending laterally form said angular portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side-flanges and an excess of metal around the margins of the laterally extending portions, then shearing the blank eonformably to the shape of the side-flanges, then bending only the laterally extending portions to bring them substan tially into alinement with said angular portions to form complete side-flanges, then placing the bent blank into a finishing (lie and then machining the blank to form a finished plane-body.

12. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with integral side-flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in foi.'g ing a blank into shape to form the sole with a whole frog-base on one face thereof, angularly extending portions forming the lower portions of the side-fianges and with a whole cross-rib between said angularly extending portions, and portions extending laterally from the angular portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side-flanges, then bending the laterally extending portions into alinement with said angular portions to form whole side-flanges, and then machining the blank to form a finished plane-body.

13. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially fiat sole or bottom with integral side-flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in simultaneously forging a blank into shape to form the sole with the whole frog-base on one face thereof and angularly extending portions forming the lower portions of the sideflanges, and portions extending laterally from the angular portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side-flanges and disposed above the frog-base, then bending only the laterally extending portions into alinement with said angular portions to form wnole side-flanges, and then maehinhig the blank to form finished plane-body.

ll. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with intgeral side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in siinultaneously forging a blank into shape to form the sole with the frog-base on one face thereof, angularly extending portions forming the lower portions of the side-flanges united with sides of the frog-base, a complete crossrib between said angularly extending portions, and outwardly extending portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side-flanges and above the cross-rib and frogbase, then bending only the outwardly extending portions into alinenient with said angular portions to form whole side-flanges, and then machining the blank to form a finished plane-body.

15. That improvement in the manufacture of plane-bodies comprising a substantially flat sole or bottom with integral side flanges and attaching lugs, which consists in simultaneously forging a bar into shape to form the plane bottom with the attaching lugs on one face thereof, and a portion extending crosswise of reduced thickness, angular-1y ex tending portions to form the lower portions of the side flanges, and laterally extending portions adapted to form the upper portions of the side flanges, then bending the lateral- 1y extending portions into alinement with said angular portions to completely form the side flanges, and then removing the portion of reduced thickness from the sole, and machining the blank to form a finished planebody.

- Signed at Chicago. Illinois, this 10th day of July, 199,4.

GEORGE D. H/UNES. 

